[searcabic] Latest news postings on biotechnology, 02 September 2008

[SEARCA Biotechnology Information Center]

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*Posted 02 September 2008*

*PHILIPPINES*
1-PHILRICE DEVELOPS 3-IN-1 RICE
2-THE DREAM TEAM
3-ANOTHER PUBLIC SECTOR BIOTECH PRODUCT IN THE OFFING
4-GMO-FREE RICE RESTOS CAMPAIGN LAUNCHED

*INDIA*
5-BIOSAFETY DATA OF TRANSGENIC BRINJAL MADE PUBLIC

*PAKISTAN*
6-GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD ANSWER TO FOOD CRISIS

*GLOBAL*
7-DUPONT USES LASERS IN SEED DEVELOPMENT


*1-PHILRICE DEVELOPS 3-IN-1 RICE*
by Sosimo Ma. Pablico
31-August-2008 The Philippine STAR

Tremendous benefits are anticipated in a three-in-one rice variety that is
now being developed by the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice)
even as its commercial production is expected to start four years from now.

Breeding work started in 2004 soon after PhilRice received genetically
modified Golden Rice events donated by the Gates Foundation. Field tests on
the grains that have been developed will begin before the end of 2008.

Golden Rice is the result of genetic engineering that involved the
deliberate introduction of two genes from other organisms. The process
completed the biochemical pathway that allows beta-carotene production in
rice grains, giving them the distinct yellow color.

The three-in-one rice will be the first of its kind, as it will contain
three important traits never before found at the same time in a rice
variety, said PhilRice scientist Dr. Antonio A. Alfonso who leads the
breeding team. Through conventional breeding techniques, genes for
beta-carotene biosynthesis from Golden Rice as well as rice tungro disease
and bacterial leaf blight resistance are being transferred into the grains
of local varieties.

The rice plant produces beta-carotene in its leaves and stems, but none in
its grains. Thus, a rice-based diet contributes to high prevalence of
vitamin A deficiency or VAD among the poor, who cannot afford to include
vegetables, meat, and other foods rich in vitamin A in their meals on a
daily basis. Vitamin A, an antioxidant, promotes good vision, enables proper
reproduction and lactation among women, and helps in the formation and
maintenance of healthy teeth, skeletal and soft tissue, mucuous membrane,
and skin.

"Insufficient vitamin A and beta-carotene intake for long periods of time
results in morbidity and mortality, particularly among children and pregnant
and lactating women – the most affected population groups," said a research
team from the Sikap/Strive Foundation and PhilRice, who conducted an
"Ex-Ante Impact Evaluation of Three-in-One Rice."

VAD may eventually lead to night blindness, Bitot's spot, corneal
ulceration, and corneal scars. If left untreated, corneal ulceration and
corneal scars may lead to permanent blindness. It also weakens the immune
system, resulting in infections like HIV-AIDS, diarrhea, and measles.

"All these VAD-related diseases, in turn, translate into increased health
care costs and economic losses accruing years foregone and loss of potential
productivity. But more than the economic costs, the VAD problem deprives
those [affected] individuals … of the basic right to an adequately healthy
and active life," reported the research team led by Dr. Leonardo Gonzales.

In the Philippines, 71 percent of total households do not meet their
recommended vitamin A (retinol equivalent) nutrients, a recent survey
showed. It is not also surprising that four out of 10 children, six months
to five years old, suffer from VAD since two of every 10 pregnant and
lactating Filipino mothers suffer from VAD.

It is expected that losses from tungro, which reached P10.6 million in 1993,
and bacterial leaf blight will be greatly minimized. It was estimated that
8.1 percent of the total area planted to rice can be possibly affected by
bacterial leaf blight, and the resulting yield loss could mean about $57.5
million worth of foregone production.

Resistance to rice tungro disease and bacterial leaf blight are being
incorporated into the three-in-one rice because these devastating diseases
recurrently plague the country.

Both farmers and consumers are expected to benefit from three-in-one rice.
The profitability of farmers is expected to increase through reduced costs
and higher yields, consumers will be provided with higher levels of
micronutrients, thereby boosting their health.

The team estimated that the costs of research and development (R&D) and
commercialization, P149 million in 2005 prices, would be outweighed by a net
present value (NPV) of P309 million under very low adoption rate.

Under high adoption rate, it will generate an NPV of P1.22 billion with 63
percent IRR. In addition, it could generate health impacts similar to the
projected impact of Golden Rice in the Philippines, which is worth an
estimated $16-88 million.

*------------------------------------------------------------*
*2-THE DREAM TEAM*
by Rachel C. Barawid
28-August-2008 Manila Bulletin

Scrutinizing DNA and looking under the microscope give these young, dynamic
team the highest of highs…

At first glance, they seem like a bunch of ordinary young people — giddy,
playful and carefree.

But these young professionals at the DNA Analysis Laboratory (DAL) of the
University of the Philippines' Natural Sciences Research Institute are not
at all dealing with the simplest of things. In fact, their job is one of the
most complex and difficult in the world.

Forensic science is far from the glamorous field that TV shows like CSI,
Criminal Minds, Bones, Cold Case and Forensic Files have painted it to be.
In real life, analyzing DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) on a daily basis can't
be anyone's idea of fun because it can really be nerve-racking, even
mind-boggling. The uninformed may even lose his mind – literally – with the
millions of DNA that he has to repeatedly deal with day in and day out.

Yet this dynamic group of young individuals cannot imagine themselves doing
anything or being anywhere else other than in their little laboratory. The
impact their works have made on the lives of people means the world to them.

*MISTAKES NOT ALLOWED*
The human body has 3.1647 billion pairs of DNA containing approximately
30,000 gene codes. DNA molecules carry genes that determine how a person
looks and behaves. Half of the genetic profile of a person comes from his
mother and half from his father.

DNA analysis has various applications. It can be used for doing research on
new discoveries and validating existing ones. In forensic science, it can be
an investigative tool in solving crimes, sexual assault cases, and
post-conviction evidence. In civil cases, it is useful to answer questions
on paternity and maternity. It is also important for genetics in studying
the culture of a certain ethnic group, and for human identification.

"DNA analysis is a powerful tool even for specie identification. Even the
National Meat Inspection enlists our help in validating the meat sold in
restaurants and meat shops. We can even extract DNA from old, compromised
and degraded samples through the other type of DNA which is the
mitochondrial DNA," says 36-year-old Gayvelline Calacal, a senior DNA
analyst.

Their lab is composed of three sections. The first is where they extract
DNA, the second where they replicate DNA, and the third is where they
analyze DNA profile copied through the computer. The environment is so
sterile that a person who is in the third section cannot return or go inside
the second section to avoid contaminating the overly sensitive DNA. Lab
gowns worn in the second section cannot even be used in the third.

"DNA analysis is a tedious process that requires patience and
meticulousness. We validate one another's work by repeating the same
procedure, using the same standards, over and over again. After that, the
final validation will be done by our chief, Dr. Maria Corazon de Ungria,''
Calacal describes the initial processes. "Constant validation is done to
ensure that our work is fool-proof and 100 percent correct because we cannot
afford to make a mistake."

*TEDIOUS BUT REWARDING*
As a child, DNA analyst Sheila Ann Edith Franco wanted to become a surgeon
so she could wear those dainty doctor's gown. But she found herself wearing
a lab gown instead.

A biochemistry graduate, 23-year old Franco left the UP DAL for a
multinational company but realized she could not be in an environment where
there is no room for growth. "Yung pay ko dito overtime pay ko pa lang dun
sa multinational company. Pero bumalik ako because of the team. Lahat ng
chance para lumipat ng kumpanya andiyan eh. Pero gusto ko yung ginagawa ko,
dito ko nakita ang sarili ko," discloses Franco who is a postgraduate
student taking up Biology in UP.

Calacal, on the other hand, studied DNA analysis under foreign experts who
visited the lab and met her "true love'' here ever since. "I love my job.
It's challenging and fulfilling. Sa ibang lab, you only work on a project,
but here, you see that science has an application, may nangyayaring
difference sa buhay ng ibang tao," she says.

For Kristina Tabbada, a 29-year-old DNA analyst and molecular biology
graduate, her work at the lab gives her a feeling of satisfaction and
relief. "Particularly with the more difficult cases when you're not sure if
there's still DNA in that sample. At the end of the process, it is
satisfying to see that the work has paid off. It is also inspiring to know
that what you're doing helps use science to address problems that we face in
society," she says.

A 39-year-old teacher, Minerva Sagum left her profession for personal
reasons but found fulfillment in the lab where she takes care of
administrative matters. She deals with all types of clients particularly
inmates at the Bilibid prison in gathering data for their crime
investigations. "In my trips to Bilibid, dun ko narealize that science is
not just inside the laboratory. It is going to people, talking to them.
Nakakahawa ang passion ng mga tao dito," she explains.

DNA analysts Jazelyn Salvador, 29, and Sheene Marie Maiquilla, 23, also say
they discover their strengths and weaknesses in the lab.

Aside from having an incisive mind, ability to pay attention to small
details, creativity and perseverance, Salvador stresses that only the
passionate and the patient truly survive this profession.

"Be prepared to accept the fact that no matter how good you are, there's
always room to grow. If there's a mistake, you can choose to say that this
failure makes me a failure or this failure is just one failure. A failure is
an event, it's not a person. Here, there's a lot of checks and balances so
even if you make a mistake, there's always someone to correct you," advises
23-year-old Leo Francis Almazora, lab administrative staff.

*ONE TEAM*
Under the stewardship of Dr. Cora De Ungria, who has been at the forefront
of forensic DNA technology in the Philippines, this team is on a mission to
create reforms in the evidence management system of the country and in other
socially-responsible projects that generate a positive impact in the lives
of Filipinos.

Dr. De Ungria says her team members work on the strengths of one another,
finding ways to overcome their weaknesses.

"I guess that explains why they leave and come back. They realize how much
they can do if they maintain it as a team. There's this anecdote of one
stick that is easily broken but if you have a bundle of sticks, it is harder
to break. This is where the strength of the lab is. It is not so much in one
person or the head. The strength is in the members of the team that work
together as one bundle," De Ungria proudly says.

They all but share one dream – to expand the laboratory so that they can
work with and train more people to do more projects and serve more.

"There's a lot of demands that we cannot meet now because of the financial
constraints. I cannot hire or train more people but I know there are a lot
of young people out there who are like these young personnel who only need
to find direction and then they can start giving. Ang problema in many
situations is that we have young people with ideals but these ideals are not
directed properly to a cause or to something very important and therefore
you lose that stage in life when you're making a personal search for one's
path in life," says De Ungria.

*------------------------------------------------------------*
*3-ANOTHER PUBLIC SECTOR BIOTECH PRODUCT IN THE OFFING*
by Angelina Garces, S&T Media Service
26-August-2008 PCARRD<http://www2.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1214&Itemid=118>

After the public sector biotechnology initiatives on the papaya ringspot
virus-resistant variety, the government is now focusing on improving corn.

In this regard, PCARRD approved recently a three-year project in the amount
of P8.6 million. Titled "Molecular map-based isolation and characterization
of resistance genes for downy mildew (DM) in corn," the project aims to
develop corn varieties resistant to DM using marker-assisted selection
(MAS).

DM, caused by Peronosclerospora philippinensis Weston (Shaw), is still one
of the major corn diseases in the country despite earlier breakthroughs in
chemical control. High incidence of DM has been observed in Northern Luzon
and many parts of Mindanao, particularly when seeds are not treated with
fungicides. In severe infections, yield loss due to the disease was reported
to be as high as 80-100%.

For the past decades, the Institute of Plant Breeding of the University of
the Philippines Los Baños (IPB-UPLB) has been incorporating downy mildew
resistance in its corn breeding program using conventional approaches.
Several resistant varieties have been released but through time, they
succumbed to the disease.

Unlike conventional selection wherein plants are allowed to grow to maturity
to determine their desirable traits, MAS uses genetic markers to do the same
thing much faster.

Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA markers have been linked and identified with
the DM-resistance gene. The use of these markers to select the desired
plants that carry the DM resistance genes has also been well established in
corn and other major crops like rice and wheat.

Incidentally, the project will use markers in selecting corn lines that
carry the resistance gene. Such procedure will make the development of
DM-resistant corn variety a lot faster. The DM-resistant corn varieties will
then be tested in several locations of the country targeting the major
corn-growing areas.

In the absence of DM-resistant variety, corn farmers are forced to treat
seeds with fungicide, which is a potential contaminant of ground water and
suspected to cause cancer. Availability of DM-resistant corn variety will,
therefore, benefit the farmers in terms of higher yield and income, and
better health.

A leading public sector institution, UPLB's College of Agriculture, its
Crops Science Cluster, and IPB will implement the project, under the
leadership of Dr. Hayde F. Galvez.

*------------------------------------------------------------*
*4-GMO-FREE RICE RESTOS CAMPAIGN LAUNCHED*
28-August-2008 Malaya

ENVIRONMENTAL watchdog Greenpeace yesterday launched its campaign for
restaurants to serve only rice that are free from genetically-modified
organisms (GMOs).

The campaign, dubbed "I love my rice GMO-free," was launched at the Fish and
Co. restaurant in Ortigas Center and seeks to gather the commitment of
restaurants around the country to serve only GMO-free rice.

Fish and Co. is part of the Bistro Group of Companies which includes
Italiani's, TGI Friday's and Flapjacks.

Aside from pledging to serve only GMO-free rice, the Bistro Group has
committed to display 'I love my rice GMO-free' posters in all their 27
outlets and distribute campaign brochures as part of the awareness drive.
During the press conference, the food company served representative rice
dishes from each of their five restaurant branches.

Daniel Ocampo, Greenpeace Southeast Asia Genetic Engineering campaigner,
said Greenpeace is talking with 10 leading fast food joints, alternative
restaurants, and organic restaurants in Metro Manila and Southern Luzon to
join their campaign and this will be announced in the next few weeks.

Ocampo also said the green group is negotiating with two of the country's
top fast food chains to join the GMO-free rice campaign.

He said rice is part of the Philippines' heritage, because it is the center
of diversity of rice due to the presence of many varieties in the country.

He said the GMO-free rice restaurant campaign "recognizes the role of food
companies." "We have the right to choose what and where we eat," he added.

Lisa Ronquillo, Bistro Group marketing director, said the food chain
approached Greenpeace a month ago because it wanted to join the "green
campaign" but didn't know how to go about it.

"This is our first initiative to go green…but it's a long-term commitment
that will involve not only rice," Ronquillo said.

GMOs are plants or animals whose DNA have been manipulated to accommodate
genes from entirely different species, such as a rice crop inserted with
genes from a bacteria or an animal. Governments recognize the dangers of
GMOs, that's why these crops are highly regulated.

Greenpeace said GMO food crops pose risks to health and no long-term health
studies have ever been conducted.

Greenpeace said no GMO rice has been approved for human consumption or
propagation in the Philippines, but GMO rice from the United States have
slipped into the country at least twice, despite measures by the National
Food Authority to ensure that US rice imports is GMO-free.

At present, an application for the approval of a GMO rice variety is lodged
at the Department of Agriculture.

Ocampo said so far there is no commercially available GMO rice in the
Philippines because Greenpeace has filed an injunction against the
application of Bayer.

He said the rice from Vietnam and Thailand that the Philippines is importing
is GMO-free because of the commitment from both countries not to trade GMO
rice.

But he said the P25/kilo rice imported from the US which is being sold by
the National Food Authority (NFA) showed some contamination because it was
sourced from Arkansas and other Southern states.

Lea Guerrero, Greenpeace media campaigner, said Greenpeace had two kilos of
the cheap rice tested in Japan and it showed contamination. He said while
the rice passed US standards, these fail when pitted against stricter
European standards which were used in Japan.

She said the NFA has refused to do joint testing because of the expenses.

*Related articles:*

*Top RP restaurants join 'I love my rice GMO-free'
campaign*<http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storyPage.aspx?storyId=129712>
*

Miss, Extra (GMO-Free) Rice,
Please<http://www.pinoypress.net/2008/08/28/miss-extra-gmo-free-rice-please/>

RP food company makes business sacrifices to 'go
green'<http://www.gmanews.tv/story/116435/RP-food-company-makes-business-sacrifices-to-go-green>
*
*------------------------------------------------------------*
*5-BIOSAFETY DATA OF TRANSGENIC BRINJAL MADE PUBLIC *
by Meena Menon
25-August-2008 The
Hindu<http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/25/stories/2008082555781300.htm>

MUMBAI: The Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) has published
information on biosafety studies of Bt brinjal, developed by MAHYCO, on its
official website. The data in eight volumes, runs into more than 1,100
pages.

Sources in the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) confirmed that it was the
complete data sent by the company which was analysed by the department and
forwarded to the GEAC. Greenpeace, which has been demanding that the data be
made public and is involved in a long Right to Information (RTI) battle,
says the data looks comprehensive, but there is neither an official
notification nor an assurance of its completeness from the authorities.

However, MAHYCO had sought a stay on the data being made public after an
order of the Central Information Commissioner (CIC) last November. The Delhi
High Court did grant the stay in December 2007 after MAHYCO, the Indian
partner of the multinational agri biotech giant Monsanto, said the company
could suffer commercial losses if the confidential data was disclosed to the
public.

In the last hearing of the case in Delhi on August 20 there was no mention
of the data being available on the website. Since the issue was sub judice
and the DBT was one of the respondents it could not make the data public.
DBT sources said there was nothing secret about the data and the only reason
it did not share it with Greenpeace was because of the company's objections
as a third party that their business interests would be affected. Now GEAC
in its own wisdom has decided to post the data on the Internet.

Greenpeace said it has been close to 30 months since the first application
for the biosafety data and minutes of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
committee meetings were submitted under the RTI Act 2005 by Divya
Raghunandan. Since then the data was consistently denied by the DBT till the
CIC directed the department to disclose the data to the appellant finally in
November 2007.

Though it had come very late, this was a welcome step by GEAC, said Divya
Raghunandan of Greenpeace who had filed the RTI way back in February 2006.
Recently, Dr. P.M. Bhargava, special invitee of the Supreme Court in the
GEAC, raised concerns on the veracity of the Bt cotton as well as the Bt
brinjal data as the procedures followed were flawed.

*------------------------------------------------------------*
*6-GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD ANSWER TO FOOD CRISIS*
29-August-2008 Daily
Times<http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008/08/29/story_29-8-2008_pg7_33>

ISLAMABAD: Genetically modified crops can help solve international food
crisis faced by many countries including Pakistan, said US Special Advisor
on Science and Technology Dr Nina V Fedoroff on Thursday.

Talking to reporters at a local hotel, Fedoroff said the international
community had ignored important issues like energy and food in the past and
was now paying for that negligence.

She said the world should try to find both short and long-term solutions to
end food problems.

Dr Fedoroff, who was in the capital as part of Pak-US Science and Technology
Cooperation Program, spoke high of Pakistan's potential in science and
technology and hoped that mutual cooperation would help Pakistan a great
deal.

"There are great prospects for future cooperation between Pakistan and the
US in science and technology. I will submit to quarters concerned glowing
reports about my observation in Pakistan," she said.

The US official said Pakistan should realise its agriculture potential and
try to increase its growth, as it still had a lot of room to improve per
acre yield.

She said by improving urea fertilizer production, Pakistan could save its
input and reduce per acre net cost. She said she and her Pakistani
colleagues discussed cooperation in the field of genetically modified (GM)
food but it required sophisticated research and new kind of relationship, as
there were concerns about the GM food.

Dr Fedoroff said both countries were cooperating with each other in
telemedicine, education of lady health workers, pathology, DNA testing and
brining scientists through networking. sajjad malik

*------------------------------------------------------------*
*7-DUPONT USES LASERS IN SEED DEVELOPMENT*
by Andrew Eder
27-August-2008 Delaware Online News
Journal<http://www.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080827/BUSINESS/808270318>

The DuPont Co. on Tuesday revealed its latest weapon in the battle to
produce the best corn and soybean seeds: lasers. Advertisement

The company's Pioneer Hi-Bred business unit said its new "laser-assisted
seed selection" technology would expand and speed its seed research, helping
to get higher-yielding varieties of corn and soybeans to market faster.

DuPont said the new technology uses a 120-watt carbon dioxide laser to cut a
small slice from a seed for genetic analysis while still preserving the seed
for planting. DuPont spokesman Patrick Arthur said the laser technique is a
vast improvement over the current method of cultivating plants in the field
and analyzing plant tissue in the lab.

"We're able to get a clear picture of the genetics well before the seed is
planted," Arthur said.

Arthur said DuPont has applied for more than 10 patents on the laser system,
which he said would eventually eliminate 90 percent of Pioneer's
plant-tissue analysis. He wouldn't specify how widely the technology would
be deployed, but he said a majority of Pioneer's 90 research centers
worldwide are looking at plant genetics, which researchers can manipulate to
give crops characteristics like higher yield or resistance to weedkillers.

Arthur said the laser technology would allow for 24-hour-a-day analysis,
increase the number of plant generations that can be grown and tested in a
year and free up 75 percent to 90 percent of Pioneer's field space for
plants with superior genes.

DuPont's announcement, released during a farm trade show in Iowa,
underscores the fierce competition among major seed producers to ramp up
research and development, get high-yielding seeds to farmers and capture a
greater share of the booming agriculture market.

Pioneer, the second-largest seed producer, has set a goal of boosting corn
and soybean yields 40 percent within 10 years. Monsanto Co., of St. Louis,
the largest seed company, wants to double yields by 2030.

Monsanto already uses a similar technology to DuPont's laser method, known
as a "seed chipper," which uses blades to cut off bits of seeds for genetic
analysis. Monsanto has credited the technology with helping develop its
Roundup Ready 2 Yield soybeans, set for release next year.

DuPont, without referring to its rival, called chipping methods
"rudimentary" and said the laser technology was superior because it
eliminates contamination between seeds and cycles seeds through the system
faster.

"It's difficult to compare the two methods because it's like comparing a
Model T car to a Learjet," William Niebur, DuPont's vice president of crop
genetics research and development, said in a statement. "They can both get
you to where you are going; one just does it more quickly and efficiently."

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*---------------------------------------------------------*
*Download available paper and/or presentation handouts of some notable
speakers presented at SEARCA Agriculture and Development Series. CLICK HERE.
* <http://www.searca.org/web/adss/2007/index.html>

*First International Symposium on Biotechnology of Fruit
Species*<http://www.biotechfruit2008.bafz.de/index.htm>
*Dresden, Germany
01 - 05 September 2008*

*SEARCA Special Seminar:Agroforestry, Rural Livelihoods, and the Future of
Global Land Use* <http://www.searca.org/>
*(A UPLB CFNR-ICRAF-SEARCA sponsored seminar)
Drilon Hall, SEARCA, College, Laguna Philippines
05 September 2008 , 3:00 - 5:00 PM*

*3rd EuroBioForum Conference* <http://www.esf.org/index.php?id=4606>
*Strasbourg, France
17 - 19 September 2008*
*---------------------------------------------------------

JOB OPPORTUNITIES:

SEARCA: Special Project Coordinator
Closing Date: 07 Sept 2008

iBoP ASIA: Project Assistant
Closing Date: 05 Sept 2008

PCARRD: Chief SRS, Senior SRS, and SRS II * <http://www.bic.searca.org/>

*---------------------------------------------------------

Download presentation on "Biotech Crops? What's Next?" by Dr. Randy Hautea,
ISAAA Global Coordinator and SEAsia Center Director, in PDF
version*<http://www.bic.searca.org/>
         [image: visit discussion board] <http://bsearcabic.runboard.com/>
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