[searcabic] Latest news postings on biotechnology, 26 May 2009
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Tue May 26 17:52:46 CST 2009
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*Posted 26 May 2009*
*PHILIPPINES*
1-‘FINGERPRINTING’ MARKS ESSENTIAL BREAKTHROUGH IN RICE
RESEARCH<http://www.bic.searca.org/news/2009/may/phi/21b.html>
2-TISSUE CULTURE SEEN TO ANSWER NEED FOR MORE FOREST
PLANTS<http://www.bic.searca.org/news/2009/may/phi/21.html>
3-AMEND GMO ORDINANCE <http://www.bic.searca.org/news/2009/may/phi/20.html>
4-MALUNGGAY TISSUE-CULTURE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERRED TO
BPI<http://www.bic.searca.org/news/2009/may/phi/18b.html>
*AFRICA*
5-KARI ADOPTS GENETICALLY MODIFIED
MAIZE<http://www.bic.searca.org/news/2009/may/afr/18.html>
*BRAZIL*
6-BRAZIL REGULATOR APPROVES SECOND MONSANTO GMO COTTON
SEED<http://www.bic.searca.org/news/2009/may/bra/21.html>
*CANADA*
7-DUPONT RECEIVES CANADIAN REGULATORY APPROVAL FOR HIGH OLEIC SOYBEAN
TRAIT<http://www.bic.searca.org/news/2009/may/can/18.html>
*GLOBAL*
8-BIOTECH CROPS MAKING IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO SUSTAINABLE
FARMING<http://www.bic.searca.org/news/2009/may/global/20.html>
*1-‘FINGERPRINTING’ MARKS ESSENTIAL BREAKTHROUGH IN RICE RESEARCH*
by Armand Galang
21-May-2009 Manila Times <http://www.manilatimes.net/national/>
SCIENCE CITY OF MUNOZ, Nueva Ecija: Rice fingerprint, anyone? Rice experts
from the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) the country’s primary
rice institution revealed that fingerprinting, which is used to characterize
a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was essential for crop breeding.
“DNA contains the traits of an organism,” said the experts Dr. Gabriel
Romero, Cheryl Adeva and Zosimo Battad 2nd in a paper called “Genetic
Fingerprinting: Advancing the frontiers of crop biology research.
In the paper, they documented the way how DNA fingerprinting was used by
Filipino scientist in rice research.
The paper which publication was disclosed by the PhilRice on Wednesday,
showed that crop fingerprinting helped the breeders select the traits they
needed to create new upgraded seeds.
“The discovery of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has paved the way for
a more convenient analysis of DNA variation,” said the PhilRice explaining
how DNA testing has been made easier from the tedious process it used to be.
PCR, the paper explained, magnifies a section of a DNA making it possible
for scientists to study and/or characterize that area. Scientists are now
using markers, which make assaying a lot more convenient. Markers are
specific DNA, sequences attached to a trait.
The presence of a marker signifies that a trait is present.
Genetic fingerprinting was particularly useful in taxa identification and
phylogeny, diversity analysis, hybridity testing, gene mapping, marker-aided
introgression, somaclonal variation, and patenting, the rice scientists
added.
The genetic fingerprinting, they said, traces even the historical background
of a particular seed. For instance, genetic fingerprinting showed that PSB
Rc82 came from PSB RC28, among others.
The process was also found vital in diversity analysis that measures the
level of genetic similarities or difference among materials that is crucial
for breeding. Diversity makes specific rice variety productive or otherwise.
Genetic fingerprinting decodes the traits of a variety and will guide
breeders in selecting the traits that scientists can transfer to another
variety, the trio explained in their paper.
The process was also useful in gene banking, an important act in maintaining
the repository of varieties, they said. Gene banking is essential since
pests and diseases would attack at any unforeseen time.
Genetic fingerprinting further improves the viability of hybrid production,
according to the research. Romero, Avela and Battad 2nd said that the
fingerprinting gives scientists precise results in proper identification, as
well as genetic identity stability, complete characterization and
measurement of crop genetic diversity.”
*------------------------------------------------------------*
*2-TISSUE CULTURE SEEN TO ANSWER NEED FOR MORE FOREST PLANTS*
21-May-2009 Malaya <http://www.malaya.com.ph/may22/envi2.htm>
With deforestation continuing unabated and the demand for quality wood
remaining on the rise, the success of efforts at regaining Philippine forest
cover may lie on the quality of seedlings being planted to replace lost
vegetation. The UPLB College of Forestry and Natural Resources (CFNR) has
been pursuing this track of providing quality forest trees and other plants
via tissue culture.
Dr. Portia Lapitan, director of the UPLB Forest Biotechnology Program, said:
"We want planting materials that grow fast and perform very well under
adverse conditions in the field. Although the work now is still in the
experimental stages, the commercial scale production of quality forest
species may soon be realized."
A tree physiologist and forest geneticist, Dr. Lapitan believes that
biotechnology is necessary to meet the increasing demands for planting
stocks. As of now, the Philippines is said to need an estimated 195.4
million seedlings a year to meet the annual planting target for 100,000
hectares. At present, there are not enough existing seed sources of forest
species for reforestation and production in the country.
In the UPLB campus, the program’s modest laboratory is home to hundreds of
glass bottles with tiny, cloned seedlings of various tree and non-tree
species growing in modified Murashige and Skoog media. The Forest
Biotechnology Laboratory has been operational since 2002 and has produced a
number of valuable seedlings, all of which have been grown from tissue
culture.
The seedlings come from germinated seeds of trees with superior quality. The
tissue-cultured seedlings are expected to reach maturity earlier and perform
better than the conventionally raised trees. They also retain the quality of
the mother tree, including its disease and pest resistance.
The Forest and Biotechnology Program has developed tissue culture protocols
for Acacia mangium (mangium), Gmelina arborea (yemane), Paraserianthes
falcataria (falcate, Moluccan sau), Tectona grandis (teak), and Calamus
(rattan) species. Future work will include species such as the Falcata tree
(Paraserianthes falcataria), Jathropa, and the Moringa tree, commonly known
as "malunggay." These will be developed to answer the need for sources of
bio-fuel in the country.
According to Dr. Lapitan, the protocol for out-planting still has to be
refined in order to ensure higher seedling survival. She and her team of
scientists and researchers are now working to perfect the breeding and
biotechnology work to develop and produce planting materials in order to
meet the demand for reinstating the country’s forests and tree plantations.
At present, the program needs to find continued funding for its operations,
which require around P500,000 to P800,000 a year. The team is looking at
options to make the laboratory self-sustaining. Currently, it is being
supported by donations from the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources and PCARRD.
*------------------------------------------------------------*
*3-AMEND GMO ORDINANCE*
by Carla P. Gomez
20-May-2009 The Visayan Daily
Star<http://www.visayandailystar.com/2009/May/20/topstory9.htm>
Board Member Enrique Lacson yesterday said he will support amendments to the
ordinance banning the entry of Genetically Modified Organisms into Negros
Occidental if it will affect the food security of the province.
He noted that the ban has, so far, been selective, with action only taken
against corn entering the province.
Insulin and other vaccines are also GMOs, Lacson also pointed out.
“We cannot have an ordinance that we cannot implement fully,” he said.
Lacson said he does not want to preempt the findings of the ad hoc committee
created by Negros Occidental Gov. Isidro Zayco to look into the call of
livestock and poultry raisers for the lifting of the ban, and the opposition
from those opposed to GMO products.
“But if the findings are that the ordinance will greatly affect the food
security of the province, I will support moves for its amendment,” he said.
“We do not want our livestock and poultry industry to collapse,” he said.
He said it would be better if GMO labels are placed on products to give the
consumers a choice on whether to buy them or not.
The provincial government had earlier ordered the shipping out of
intercepted GMO corn intended for feeds of livestock and poultry.
Lacson noted that corn in Negros Occidental is now P2 to P3 more expensive
per kilo than in other provinces.
Meanwhile, Albert R.T. Lim Jr., president of the Negros Occidental Hog
Raisers Association MPC Inc., in a position paper sent to Vice Gov. Emilio
Yulo III, asked the Sangguniang Panlalawigan to immediately amend Provincial
Ordinance No. 007, Series of 2007 banning GMO products from entering Negros
Occidental.
The ordinance is anti-developmental and is contrary to the national thrust
and programs for agricultural development and food security, he said.
“The provincial ordinance is anti-Negrense, anti-Negros consumer,
anti-Negros farmer and anti-Negros industry. It violates the citizen’s basic
right for an informed free choice as their option to use safe products of
modern biotechnology are curtailed,” Lim said.
It is not founded on sound scientific facts, modern biotechnology is safe,
he added.
Meanwhile, a civil society consultation on GMO will be held at the Capitol
today.
Anti-GMO advocates insist that GMO food is harmful to health.
*------------------------------------------------------------*
*4-MALUNGGAY TISSUE-CULTURE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERRED TO BPI*
18-May-2009 BusinessMirror<http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/home/science/10395-malunggay-tissue-culture-technology-transferred-to-bpi.html>
The high demand for malunggay leaves and oil is spurring farmers to plant
malunggay, thus, there is also a demand for good quality planting materials
in large quantities.
The transfer of technology will enable the BPI to produce sufficient
quantities of selected trees now being identified at the Malunggay Center,
DA-RFU III in Tarlac City, where other technologies for producing malunggay
are also being developed.
The selection of best productive trees is also supported by the DA BPO. The
BPI will also establish pilot plantations of tissue-cultured malunggay, in
collaboration with interested nongovernment organizations and local
government units in Pampanga, Bicol, Pangasinan and Aurora.
Initial plantings of tissue cultured malunggay gave 100 percent survival and
the plants are growing at the same rate as seed-derived plants.
There is currently huge demand for malunggay leaves to fortify noodles and
other food preparations. Bakers, restaurants, private individuals and other
food establishments have developed various malunggay-based foods.
The Department of Education is also publishing a compendium of nutritious
and delectable recipes. The high nutrient content of malunggay leaves is
hoped to ease the national problem of malnutrition due to micronutrient
deficiency.
*------------------------------------------------------------*
*AFRICA
5-KARI ADOPTS GENETICALLY MODIFIED MAIZE
*by Jevans Nyabiage
18-May-2009 Daily
Nation<http://www.nation.co.ke/business/news/-/1006/599308/-/ix0dvrz/-/index.html>
The stem borer, a nightmare pest for many maize farmers, could become a
thing of the past with the adoption of genetically modified maize by the
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (Kari).
After more than three years of research, Kari has come up with a maize
variety it says is more resistant to crop pests like the borer, which is
responsible for up to 40 per cent yield loss and blamed for Kenya’s
dependence on maize imports; hitting the incomes of growers and impacting
negatively on food security.
*Stem borers*
“Kari is pleased to announce the planting of the trial maize after years of
laboratory research, as part of an approach to help Kenyan farmers fight
stem borers,” said Dr Joel Mutisya, a biotechnology scientist at Kari,
adding that what remains now is to test the Bt maize for its resilience.
“The maize will also be crossed with Kenyan varieties to boost its hardiness
and adaptation to Kenyan growing conditions,” Dr Mutisya adds.
He says the produce from the maize experiment will be safe to eat but will
not be released before the Kenya Bureau of Standards certifies them.
“The maize is safe for consumption, but until tests are done and
certification done by the government, it will not be released to the general
public,” he says.
This is the first time the insect-resistant maize is being planted directly
into the soil in an open field in sub-Saharan Africa outside South Africa.
Before this, seeds were planted in a series of confined field stations in
2005 at Kari’s Kiboko station. The ‘open quarantine’ field trials were
undertaken by the Insect Resistant Maize for Africa project.
Though there has been plenty of controversy surrounding the whole issue of
adopting genetically modified crops in Kenya, local scientists say that
better combinations of resistance and tolerance traits are the key to
boosting maize yields among small-scale farmers, given that they are
unlikely to invest heavily in intensifying production in the near future.
Each year, the struggle for survival by many subsistence farmers has been
affected by the increasing impact of pests and diseases, which voraciously
consume 400,000 tonnes of maize thus inflicting on average, 15 per cent
annual yield losses.
This is close to the total amount of maize imported by Kenya annually. This
loss directly affects the livelihoods of thousands of families ,which rely
on maize as a staple food and as a source of income.
Such large losses are estimated at $72 million (Sh5.5 billion) per year in
Kenya alone, although stem borers are a problem in most of East and Southern
Africa.
Kari’s taking up of the Bt maize comes two months after President Kibaki
signed into law the Biosafety Bill 2008, making Kenya the first East African
nation to adopt genetically modified crops.
The research project is being conducted jointly by Kari and the
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) supported by the
Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture and the Rockefeller
Foundation.
Kenya was the first country to sign up the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
when it was opened for signatures in 2000.
Ratification followed in 2003, and the Biosafety Bill was drafted in 2005 to
bring Kenya’s law and practice in line with the protocol.
Late last year, the Bill was passed through by Parliament and signed into
law on February12, 2009 by the President.
The Biosafety Act, which regulates activities involving GMOs, also
establishes the National Biosafety Authority with the mandate to exercise
general supervision and control over the transfer, handling and use of GMOs
with a view to ensuring safety of human and animal health.
Eight other regulatory agencies will oversee compliance with the law.
*------------------------------------------------------------*
*BRAZIL
6-BRAZIL REGULATOR APPROVES SECOND MONSANTO GMO COTTON SEED
*21-May-2009 Reuters<http://www.reuters.com/article/GCA-GreenBusiness/idUSTRE54K3T320090521>
SAO PAULO (Reuters) - Brazil's biosafety regulator CTNBio has approved the
use of Monsanto's Bollgard 2 genetically modified cotton seed, the company
said on Thursday.
The pest-resistant cotton variety must still be approved by Brazil's
Agriculture Ministry before it can be planted in the country.
U.S.-based Monsanto has a total of six genetically modified varieties of
cotton, soybeans and corn already approved for commercial planting in
Brazil.
Bollgard 2 is a second-generation of pest-resistant cotton. It contains two
different insect control genes, compared with the single insect control gene
in its predecessor, Bollgard, which was approved in Brazil in 2005.
Other genetically modified cotton seeds developed by Bayer and Dow Chemical
already have been approved for use in the South American country, a top
producer of sugar, corn, soy, coffee and oranges.
*(Reporting by Roberto Samora, Writing by Inae Riveras; Editing by Walter
Bagley)*
*------------------------------------------------------------*
*CANADA
7-DUPONT RECEIVES CANADIAN REGULATORY APPROVAL FOR HIGH OLEIC SOYBEAN* TRAIT
Dupont Press Release
18-May-2009 via Agbios
http://www.agbios.com/static/news/NEWSID_10697.php
WILMINGTON, Del., - DuPont today announced it has reached a regulatory
milestone for its next generation of healthier soybean products. DuPont
business Pioneer Hi-Bred received confirmation from Health Canada and the
Canadian Food Inspection Agency that its high oleic soybean trait has been
approved for cultivation and food and feed use in Canada.
“This is a significant milestone in our effort to bring the high oleic
soybean trait to market,” said Paul E. Schickler, Pioneer president and
DuPont vice president and general manager. “We’re seeing strong results in
field testing of soybeans with the high oleic trait and strong interest from
food companies looking for a new oil product with improved nutritional
qualities and performance characteristics.”
The high oleic soybean trait from Pioneer is more than three times higher in
heart-healthy monounsaturated fats and has a more than 20 percent reduction
in saturated fat over commodity soybean oil. Like low linolenic soybean oil,
high oleic soybean oil eliminates the need for hydrogenation, resulting in
foods with negligible amounts of trans fats.
Oil testing results from high oleic soybeans from Pioneer produced in 2008
again confirmed that the oil contains about 80 percent oleic acid. The high
levels of oleic acid significantly increase the stability of the oil when
used in frying and food processing, meaning the oil doesn’t break down as
quickly. Soybeans are grown on more acres than any other oilseed crop in
North America, making high oleic soybeans a cost-effective solution.
High oleic soybean oil also presents opportunities for industrial
applications. The oil’s high stability in industrial settings will allow
companies to develop renewable, environmentally sustainable options to
petroleum-based products.
Canada and Mexico are the first countries to complete regulatory reviews of
the high oleic trait. Pioneer completed U.S. regulatory submissions for
approval of the high oleic soybean oil trait in December 2006. The U.S. Food
and Drug Administration completed its review of high oleic soybeans earlier
this year and the U.S. Department of Agriculture is in the process of
reviewing the trait. Regulatory submissions for the trait are planned or
have been completed in key soybean importing countries around the world.
Pioneer will introduce the high oleic soybean trait in its industry leading
line-up of Pioneer® brand Y Series soybean varieties. These varieties will
be field tested in the United States and Canada this growing season, with
potential Canadian registration of the first products in 2010.
Pioneer Hi-Bred, a DuPont business, is the world's leading source of
customized solutions for farmers, livestock producers and grain and oilseed
processors. With headquarters in Des Moines, Iowa, Pioneer provides access
to advanced plant genetics in nearly 70 countries.
DuPont is a science-based products and services company. Founded in 1802,
DuPont puts science to work by creating sustainable solutions essential to a
better, safer, healthier life for people everywhere. Operating in more than
70 countries, DuPont offers a wide range of innovative products and services
for markets including agriculture and food; building and construction;
communications; and transportation.
~~~
For further information on high-oleic soybean, see:
http://www.agbios.com/dbase.php?action=Submit&evidx=541
<http://www.agbios.com/dbase.php?action=Submit&evidx=541%20>
*------------------------------------------------------------*
*GLOBAL
8-BIOTECH CROPS MAKING IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO SUSTAINABLE FARMING1
*20-May-2009 PG
Economics<http://www.pgeconomics.co.uk/Biotech%20crops%20making%20important%20contributions%20to%20sustainable%20farming.>
New (annual) study shows biotech crops have delivered significant global
economic and environmental benefits and are making important contributions
to global food production & security.
"Since 1996, biotech crop adoption has contributed to reducing the release
of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, decreased pesticide spraying
and significantly boosted farmers' incomes," said Graham Brookes, director
of PG Economics, co-author of the report. "The technology has also made
important contributions to increasing the yields of many farmers, reducing
production risks, improving productivity and raising global production of
key crops. The combination of economic and environmental benefit delivery is
therefore making a valuable contribution to improving the sustainability of
global agriculture, with these benefits and improvements being greatest in
developing countries"
Previewing the findings of the comprehensive study, the key findings are:
• Biotech crops have contributed to significantly reducing the release of
greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural practices. This results from less
fuel use and additional soil carbon storage from reduced tillage with
biotech crops. In 2007, this was equivalent to removing 14.2 billion kg of
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or equal to removing nearly 6.3 million
cars from the road for one year;
• Biotech crops have reduced pesticide spraying (1996-2007) by 359 million
kg (-8.8%: equivalent to about 125% of the annual volume of pesticide active
ingredient applied to arable crops in the European Union) and as a result
decreased the environmental impact associated with herbicide and insecticide
use on the area planted to biotech crops by 17.2%;
• Herbicide tolerant biotech crops have facilitated the adoption of
no/reduced tillage production systems in many regions, especially South
America. This has made important contributions to reducing soil erosion and
improving soil moisture levels;
• There have been substantial net economic benefits at the farm level
amounting to $10.1 billion in 2007 and $44.1 billion for the twelve year
period. The farm income gains in 2007 is equivalent to adding 4.4% to the
value of global production of the four main biotech crops of soybeans, corn,
canola and cotton;
• Of the total farm income benefit, 46.5% ($20.5 billion) has been due to
yield gains, with the balance arising from reductions in the cost of
production. Two thirds of the yield gain derive from adoption of insect
resistant crops and the balance from herbicide tolerant crops;
• Farmers in developing countries obtained the largest share of the farm
income gains in 2007 (58%) and over the twelve year period obtained 50% of
the total ($44.1 billion) gains;
• The cost farmers paid for accessing GM technology in 2007 was equal to 24%
of the total technology gains (a total of $13.2 billion inclusive of farm
income gains ($10.1 billion) plus cost of the technology payable to the seed
supply chain ($3.17 billion)2;
• For farmers in developing countries the total cost of accessing the
technology in 2007 was equal to about 14% of total technology gains, whilst
for farmers in developed countries the cost was 34% of the total technology
gains. Whilst circumstances vary between countries, the higher share of
total technology gains accounted for by farm income gains in developing
countries relative to the farm income share in developed countries reflects
factors such as weaker provision and enforcement of intellectual property
rights in developing countries;
• Since 1996, biotech traits have added 67.8 million tonnes and 62.4 million
tonnes respectively to global production of soybeans and corn. The
technology has also contributed an extra 6.85 million tonnes of cotton lint
and 4.44 million tonnes of canola;
• Production of soybeans, corn, cotton and canola on the areas planted to
biotech crops, in 2007, were respectively +29.8%, +7.6%, +19.8% and +8.5%
higher than levels would have otherwise been if GM technology had not been
used by farmers;
• If GM technology had not been available to the (12 million) farmers using
the technology in 2007, maintaining global production levels at the 2007
levels would have required additional plantings of 5.9 million ha of
soybeans, 3 million ha of corn, 2.5 million ha of cotton and 0.3 million ha
of canola. This total area requirement is equivalent to about 6% of the
arable land in the US, or 23% of the arable land in Brazil.
*Note:
For additional information, contact Graham Brookes.
Tel 00 44 (0) 1531 650123
www.pgeconomics.co.uk
1] Download Full report <
http://www.pgeconomics.co.uk/pdf/2009globalimpactstudy.pdf>. This report
updates previous studies (using the same methodology), all available on the
same website and (shorter versions) in the peer review scientific journal,
Agbioforum www.agbioforum.org. A shorter version of this current report has
also been submitted for publication in a scientific journal
[2] The cost of the technology accrues to the seed supply chain including
sellers of seed to farmers, seed multipliers, plant breeders, distributors
and the GM technology providers.
*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*Bio- and Cultural Controls for a Pest-free
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*---------------------------------------------------------*
*Download available paper and/or presentation handouts of some notable
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* <http://www.searca.org/web/adss/2009/index.html>
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Summit*<http://www.bic.searca.org/events/index2009.html#may>
*Marina Mandarin, SINGAPORE
25 - 27 May 2009*
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2009)*<http://www.bic.searca.org/events/index2009.html#july>
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02 - 04 July 2009*
*-------------------------------------------------------------*
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